{"id":2627,"date":"2024-06-18T13:52:34","date_gmt":"2024-06-18T05:52:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hemedicalclinic.com\/?p=2627"},"modified":"2025-07-14T19:17:49","modified_gmt":"2025-07-14T11:17:49","slug":"post-exposure-prophylaxis-pep-for-hiv-in-malaysia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hemedicalclinic.com\/ms\/blog\/post-exposure-prophylaxis-pep-for-hiv-in-malaysia\/","title":{"rendered":"PEP untuk HIV di Malaysia - Rawatan Efektif"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2627\" class=\"elementor elementor-2627\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23b24808 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"23b24808\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2baa24ba\" data-id=\"2baa24ba\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6acd976a elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6acd976a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">PEP untuk HIV di Malaysia - Rawatan Efektif<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c82c970 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-breadcrumbs\" data-id=\"c82c970\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"breadcrumbs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"breadcrumbs\" class=\"rank-math-breadcrumb\"><p><span class=\"last\">Laman Utama<\/span><\/p><\/nav>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c7dbe57 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c7dbe57\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1b44ef64\" data-id=\"1b44ef64\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45bc53e4 elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"45bc53e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-fde9fb9 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/hemedicalclinic.com\/ms\/blog\/2024\/06\/18\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-calendar\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M12 192h424c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v260c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V204c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12zm436-44v-36c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48h-48V12c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v52H160V12c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v52H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v36c0 6.6 5.4 12 12 12h424c6.6 0 12-5.4 12-12z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJun 18, 2024\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5108ebfd elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5108ebfd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"442\" height=\"295\" src=\"https:\/\/hemedicalclinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/530ea2_643fefad44bc4741a5f694d4c21d4818mv2-1.webp?wsr\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-2637\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hemedicalclinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/530ea2_643fefad44bc4741a5f694d4c21d4818mv2-1.webp 442w, https:\/\/hemedicalclinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/530ea2_643fefad44bc4741a5f694d4c21d4818mv2-1-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/hemedicalclinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/530ea2_643fefad44bc4741a5f694d4c21d4818mv2-1-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 442px) 100vw, 442px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5ca32b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e5ca32b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-3nbrc\" class=\"xEOXg iKTke _5HuoZ _9-Qxn\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"bFOZY\"><strong>Apa itu PEP?<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-hook=\"rcv-block5\">PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis) means taking medicine to <a href=\"https:\/\/hemedicalclinic.com\/ms\/sexual-health\/hiv-test-malaysia\/\">prevent HIV after a possible exposure<\/a>. PEP Must Be Started Within 72 Hours of Possible Exposure to HIV.PEP Must Be Started Within 72 Hours of Possible Exposure to HIV<\/div><div data-hook=\"rcv-block6\">\u00a0<\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-50c5\" class=\"xEOXg iKTke _5HuoZ _9-Qxn\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"bFOZY\">Talk right away (within 72 hours) to your health care provider, an emergency room doctor, or an urgent care provider about PEP if you think you\u2019ve recently been exposed to HIV:<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-hook=\"rcv-block7\">\u00a0<\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-2u4cg\" class=\"xEOXg iKTke _5HuoZ _9-Qxn\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"bFOZY\">1)during sex (for example, if the condom broke), 2)through sharing needles, syringes, or other equipment to inject drugs (for example, cookers), or if you\u2019ve been sexually assaulted. 3)Through body fluids<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-hook=\"rcv-block8\">\u00a0<\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-egkbh\" class=\"xEOXg iKTke _5HuoZ _9-Qxn\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"bFOZY\">The sooner you start PEP, the better. Every hour counts. If you\u2019re prescribed PEP, you\u2019ll need to take it daily for 28 days.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-hook=\"rcv-block10\">\u00a0<\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-f2ogo\" class=\"xEOXg iKTke _5HuoZ _9-Qxn\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"bFOZY\"><strong><em>PEP is for Emergency Situations<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-hook=\"rcv-block11\">\u00a0<\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-8m8u\" class=\"xEOXg iKTke _5HuoZ _9-Qxn\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"bFOZY\">PEP is given after a possible exposure to HIV. PEP is not a substitute for regular use of other <a class=\"JFeVX Lvqid\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/basics\/prevention.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"WebLink\">HIV prevention<\/a>. PEP is not the right choice for people who may be exposed to HIV frequently.I f you are at ongoing risk for HIV, such as through repeated exposures to HIV, talk to your health care provider about <a class=\"JFeVX Lvqid\" href=\"https:\/\/boyzme.wixsite.com\/aliasoraya\/post\/pre-exposure-prophylaxis-prep-hiv-prevention-is-it-similar-to-a-vaccine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"WebLink\"><u>PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis)<\/u><\/a> <strong>How well does PEP work?<\/strong> If taken within 72 hours after possible exposure, PEP is highly effective in preventing HIV. But to be safe, you should take other actions to <a class=\"JFeVX Lvqid\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/basics\/prevention.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"WebLink\">protect your partners<\/a> while you are taking PEP. This includes always <a class=\"JFeVX Lvqid\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/condomeffectiveness\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"WebLink\">using condoms<\/a> with sexual partners and not sharing needles, syringes, or other equipment to inject drugs.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div id=\"viewer-5p4tp\" class=\"MVWWq\"><div class=\"Oe8je hVPcz\"><figure class=\"_7stsb\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" data-hook=\"imageViewer\"><div id=\"5p4tp\" class=\"OVtFi _0vvPN UnG-6\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static.wixstatic.com\/media\/530ea2_e242941d4c0147208fda4cbe64ae27f8~mv2.png\/v1\/fill\/w_740,h_518,al_c,q_90,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_auto\/530ea2_e242941d4c0147208fda4cbe64ae27f8~mv2.png\" alt=\"\" data-pin-url=\"https:\/\/www.heclinic.online\/post\/post-exposure-prophylaxis-pep\" data-pin-media=\"https:\/\/static.wixstatic.com\/media\/530ea2_e242941d4c0147208fda4cbe64ae27f8~mv2.png\/v1\/fill\/w_900,h_630,al_c,q_90\/530ea2_e242941d4c0147208fda4cbe64ae27f8~mv2.png\" data-load-done=\"\" title=\"\"><\/div><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-hook=\"rcv-block15\">\u00a0<\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-dfid9\" class=\"xEOXg iKTke _5HuoZ _9-Qxn\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"bFOZY\"> <strong>Is there any side effects?<\/strong> PEP is safe but may cause side effects like nausea in some people. In almost all cases, these side effects can be treated and aren\u2019t life-threatening. <strong>PEP and Workplace<\/strong> If you think you\u2019ve been exposed to HIV at work, see a health care provider, an emergency room doctor, or an urgent care provider right away. Report your exposure to the appropriate person at work and seek medical attention immediately. PEP must be started within 72 hours after an exposure. The sooner you start PEP, the better. Every hour counts. Careful practice of standard precautions can help reduce the risk of exposure while caring for patients with HIV. Learn more about occupational exposure to HIV and how to prevent it <strong>PEP and Medication<\/strong> Updated guidelines from the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) and New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute recommend that, after any occupational exposure to HIV, healthcare personnel should immediately receive a postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) three-drug regimen. Specific recommendations also include the following:<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-hook=\"rcv-block17\">\u00a0<\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-f4j3u\" class=\"xEOXg iKTke _5HuoZ _9-Qxn\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"bFOZY\">1)Primary prevention strategies are emphasized, along with prompt reporting and management of occupational exposures.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-hook=\"rcv-block19\">\u00a0<\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-cir6f\" class=\"xEOXg iKTke _5HuoZ _9-Qxn\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"bFOZY\">2)The HIV status of the source of the exposure should be determined to guide the need for HIV PEP; if the HIV status of the source is unknown, it should be determined, usually with a rapid and reliable test such as the fourth-generation HIV test. If there is a concern about a false-negative result (eg, result is negative but there has been a risk for HIV transmission to the source prior to test detection, about 4-10 days for tests that detect Ag and\/or Ab, including the fourth-generation test), plasma HIV RNA (HIV viral load) testing of the source is recommended.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-hook=\"rcv-block21\">\u00a0<\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-aadh0\" class=\"xEOXg iKTke _5HuoZ _9-Qxn\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"bFOZY\">3)PEP should be initiated as soon as possible, ideally within hours of exposure; a first dose of PEP should be offered to the exposed worker while the evaluation is underway if HIV transmission is considered credible.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-hook=\"rcv-block23\">\u00a0<\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-6v6n3\" class=\"xEOXg iKTke _5HuoZ _9-Qxn\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"bFOZY\">4)A PEP supply for 3-5 days is available for urgent use, and the exposed worker obtains a continuous supply to complete the 28-day course.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-hook=\"rcv-block27\">\u00a0<\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-122dp\" class=\"xEOXg iKTke _5HuoZ _9-Qxn\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"bFOZY\">5)Follow-up appointments should begin within 72 hours of HIV exposure and should include follow-up HIV testing, monitoring for drug toxicity, and counseling.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-hook=\"rcv-block29\">\u00a0<\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-e3ef1\" class=\"xEOXg iKTke _5HuoZ _9-Qxn\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"bFOZY\">6)Repeat HIV testing should be obtained at 6 weeks and 4 months postexposure. Testing should be performed using the fourth-generation assay; if a fourth-generation assay is unavailable, repeat HIV testing should be obtained at 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 6 months postexposure. An HIV viral load should be obtained if the exposed healthcare worker has symptoms of acute retroviral syndrome.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div id=\"viewer-drp3g\" class=\"MVWWq\"><div class=\"Oe8je\"><figure class=\"_7stsb\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" data-hook=\"imageViewer\"><div id=\"drp3g\" class=\"OVtFi _0vvPN UnG-6\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static.wixstatic.com\/media\/530ea2_ea47deee123c4e9db10dfed123f0bd06~mv2.jpg\/v1\/fill\/w_553,h_507,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_auto\/530ea2_ea47deee123c4e9db10dfed123f0bd06~mv2.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-pin-url=\"https:\/\/www.heclinic.online\/post\/post-exposure-prophylaxis-pep\" data-pin-media=\"https:\/\/static.wixstatic.com\/media\/530ea2_ea47deee123c4e9db10dfed123f0bd06~mv2.jpg\/v1\/fill\/w_2000,h_1835,al_c,q_90\/530ea2_ea47deee123c4e9db10dfed123f0bd06~mv2.jpg\" data-load-done=\"\" title=\"\"><\/div><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><h2 id=\"viewer-30a0h\" class=\"IvLU9 ncNbG _5HuoZ _9-Qxn\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"Mc15w\"><strong>How Does PEP Work?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2><\/div><div data-hook=\"rcv-block36\">The same drugs that treat HIV can fight the virus as it tries to infect you. These medications are called antiretrovirals. PEP is a combination of three drugs. You take them once or twice a day for 28 days: For adults, the CDC recommends tenofovir, emtricitabine (these two drugs come in one pill), and a third drug, either raltegravir or dolutegravir. Women who are in early pregnancy, who are sexually active and could become pregnant while taking PEP, or who were sexually assaulted without birth control should take raltegravir rather than dolutegravir because of a risk of birth defects. Children 2 or older who need PEP usually get the same drugs in different doses.<\/div><div data-hook=\"rcv-block38\">\u00a0<\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-3o364\" class=\"xEOXg iKTke _5HuoZ _9-Qxn\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"bFOZY\"><strong>Side effects of PEP include:<\/strong> <a class=\"JFeVX Lvqid\" href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/digestive-disorders\/digestive-diseases-nausea-vomiting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"WebLink\">Upset stomach<\/a>, <a class=\"JFeVX Lvqid\" href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/women\/guide\/why-so-tired-10-causes-fatigue\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"WebLink\">fatigue<\/a>, <a class=\"JFeVX Lvqid\" href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/migraines-headaches\/migraines-headaches-basics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"WebLink\">headache<\/a>, <a class=\"JFeVX Lvqid\" href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/digestive-disorders\/digestive-diseases-diarrhea\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"WebLink\">diarrhea<\/a>, <a class=\"JFeVX Lvqid\" href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/sleep-disorders\/insomnia-symptoms-and-causes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"WebLink\">insomnia<\/a> and rarely, the drugs can cause serious health issues, including <a class=\"JFeVX Lvqid\" href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/hepatitis\/liver-and-hepatic-diseases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"WebLink\">liver problems<\/a>. <strong>PEP and Risk Factors<\/strong> The risk of HIV transmission after exposure to body fluids from an HIV-infected patient is generally low. Risks associated with the 3 main routes of exposure are as follows:<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-hook=\"rcv-block40\">\u00a0<\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-5esv\" class=\"xEOXg iKTke _5HuoZ _9-Qxn\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"bFOZY\">1)Percutaneous exposure &#8211; Risk with an HIV-positive source, approximately 0.3%; risk is increased by hollow-bore needles, visibly bloody devices, deep injuries, and source person with terminal illness reflecting higher titer of HIV<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-hook=\"rcv-block41\">\u00a0<\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-e3eec\" class=\"xEOXg iKTke _5HuoZ _9-Qxn\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"bFOZY\">2)Cutaneous exposure (ie, via nonintact skin) &#8211; Risk with an HIV-positive source, less than 0.09%<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-hook=\"rcv-block42\">\u00a0<\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-91uic\" class=\"xEOXg iKTke _5HuoZ _9-Qxn\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"bFOZY\">3)Mucous membrane exposure &#8211; Risk with an HIV-positive source, approximately 0.09%; risk is increased with a high viral load in the source and large-volume exposure <strong>PEP and Management<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-hook=\"rcv-block43\">\u00a0<\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-b1vp9\" class=\"xEOXg iKTke _5HuoZ _9-Qxn\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"bFOZY\">Initial management steps for healthcare personnel exposed to HIV include the following:<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-hook=\"rcv-block44\">\u00a0<\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-f35tt\" class=\"xEOXg iKTke _5HuoZ _9-Qxn\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"bFOZY\">1)Immediate decontamination (if not already performed by the healthcare worker) &#8211; For percutaneous or cutaneous exposure, washing of the area with soap and water; for mucous membrane exposure, copious irrigation of the area with water or sterile saline; for puncture wounds, cleanse with alcohol-based hand wipes; for eye exposures, irrigation with copious amounts of sterile water or saline<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-hook=\"rcv-block46\">\u00a0<\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-daih8\" class=\"xEOXg iKTke _5HuoZ _9-Qxn\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"bFOZY\">2)Initiation of institutional PEP plan &#8211; Reporting of exposure; confirmation of medication availability; provision of the initial supply; authorizing release of the drugs; determination of how the healthcare worker will obtain the medications to complete the 28-day regimen.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-hook=\"rcv-block48\">\u00a0<\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-6aipl\" class=\"xEOXg iKTke _5HuoZ _9-Qxn\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"bFOZY\">3)Ordering of blood tests, immediate treatment, and follow-up within 72 hours, at which time further review and evaluation can be carried out<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-hook=\"rcv-block50\">\u00a0<\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-3445r\" class=\"xEOXg iKTke _5HuoZ _9-Qxn\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"bFOZY\">4)Source of exposure &#8211; Voluntary testing for HIV, hepatitis C virus antibody, and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg); if HIV test is positive, confirmatory HIV 1\/2 Ab differentiation immunoassay; if HIV infection is known to be present, obtain relevant information about disease stage<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-hook=\"rcv-block52\">\u00a0<\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-265o8\" class=\"xEOXg iKTke _5HuoZ _9-Qxn\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"bFOZY\">5)Healthcare worker &#8211; Testing for HIV, HCV antibody, HBsAg, and hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb); in females of child-bearing age, pregnancy testing; if HIV PEP is initiated, baseline complete blood (CBC) count, renal and hepatic function<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-hook=\"rcv-block54\">\u00a0<\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-cprh4\" class=\"xEOXg iKTke _5HuoZ _9-Qxn\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"bFOZY\">When indicated, PEP should be initiated as soon as possible (ideally \u22642 hours and generally \u226472 hours) after exposure. The approach to PEP depends on the type of exposure, the source, and the HIV status of the source.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-hook=\"rcv-block55\">\u00a0<\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-7lq6c\" class=\"xEOXg iKTke _5HuoZ _9-Qxn\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"bFOZY\">Follow-up measures should include the following:<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-hook=\"rcv-block56\">\u00a0<\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div id=\"viewer-ereni\" class=\"xEOXg iKTke _5HuoZ _9-Qxn\" dir=\"auto\">1)Refraining from donation of blood, tissue, semen, or organs<\/div><\/div><div data-hook=\"rcv-block58\">\u00a0<\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-8oo46\" class=\"xEOXg iKTke _5HuoZ _9-Qxn\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"bFOZY\">2)Avoiding sexual intercourse without using barrier precautions; avoiding breastfeeding if possible; informing the provider if the at-risk healthcare worker is pregnant<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-hook=\"rcv-block59\">\u00a0<\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-4g72l\" class=\"xEOXg iKTke _5HuoZ _9-Qxn\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"bFOZY\">3)Follow-up HIV antibody testing at 6 weeks and 4 months if using fourth-generation HIV test; if fourth-generation HIV test is unavailable, testing should be conducted at 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 6 months<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-hook=\"rcv-block60\">\u00a0<\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-2h8nl\" class=\"xEOXg iKTke _5HuoZ _9-Qxn\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"bFOZY\">4)Rechecking of CBC, renal function, and hepatic function at 2 weeks <strong>PEP and Contraindications<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-hook=\"rcv-block61\">\u00a0<\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-3iasm\" class=\"xEOXg iKTke _5HuoZ _9-Qxn\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"bFOZY\">According to the World Health Organization (WHO), PEP is contraindicated if the exposed person is already HIV-positive due to a previous exposure, if the patient is chronically exposed to HIV, if the exposure does not pose a risk of transmission, or if the exposure occurred more than 72 hours previously. <\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-hook=\"rcv-block62\">\u00a0<\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div id=\"viewer-cdrk2\" class=\"xEOXg iKTke _5HuoZ _9-Qxn\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"bFOZY\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-hook=\"rcv-block63\">\u00a0<\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-ecnve\" class=\"xEOXg iKTke _5HuoZ _9-Qxn\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"bFOZY\">Because nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis (nPEP) carries a risk for adverse effects and toxicities, it should be used for only infrequent exposures. Persons who engage in behaviors that result in frequent recurrent exposures that would require sequential or near-continuous courses of antiretroviral medications (eg, multiple sex partners who rarely use condoms or injection-drug users who often share injection equipment) should not receive nPEP. In these instances, exposed persons should instead be provided with intensive risk-reduction interventions. In addition, <a href=\"https:\/\/hemedicalclinic.com\/ms\/blog\/prep-hiv-malaysia-cost-medication-prevention-guide\/\"><u>pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) <\/u><\/a>should be discussed to prevent future infection.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-hook=\"rcv-block64\">\u00a0<\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div id=\"viewer-efesc\" class=\"MVWWq\"><div class=\"Oe8je\"><figure class=\"_7stsb\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" data-hook=\"imageViewer\"><div id=\"efesc\" class=\"OVtFi _0vvPN UnG-6\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static.wixstatic.com\/media\/530ea2_56e18474cb3d4181aea6b7ef9a83cf24~mv2.jpg\/v1\/fill\/w_382,h_215,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_auto\/530ea2_56e18474cb3d4181aea6b7ef9a83cf24~mv2.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-pin-url=\"https:\/\/www.heclinic.online\/post\/post-exposure-prophylaxis-pep\" data-pin-media=\"https:\/\/static.wixstatic.com\/media\/530ea2_56e18474cb3d4181aea6b7ef9a83cf24~mv2.jpg\/v1\/fill\/w_1440,h_810,al_c,q_85\/530ea2_56e18474cb3d4181aea6b7ef9a83cf24~mv2.jpg\" data-load-done=\"\" title=\"\"><\/div><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-716b7390\" data-id=\"716b7390\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e959712 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4e959712\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">More 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elementor-grid\">\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-6437 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-blog-1\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/hemedicalclinic.com\/ms\/blog\/cara-herpes-merebak-di-malaysia\/\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"185\" src=\"https:\/\/hemedicalclinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1-2-300x185.jpg?wsr\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-6504\" alt=\"Bagaimana Herpes Menular dalam Kalangan Masyarakat Malaysia?\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hemedicalclinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1-2-300x185.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hemedicalclinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1-2-1024x630.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/hemedicalclinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1-2-768x472.jpg 768w, https:\/\/hemedicalclinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1-2-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/hemedicalclinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1-2.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/hemedicalclinic.com\/ms\/blog\/cara-herpes-merebak-di-malaysia\/\">\n\t\t\t\tBagaimana Herpes Menular dalam Kalangan Masyarakat Malaysia?\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-date\">\n\t\t\t06\/03\/2026\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-6390 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-blog-1\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/hemedicalclinic.com\/ms\/blog\/rawatan-herpes-kelamin-di-malaysia\/\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"185\" src=\"https:\/\/hemedicalclinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1-1-300x185.jpg?wsr\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-6487\" alt=\"Genital Herpes Treatment in Malaysia\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hemedicalclinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1-1-300x185.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hemedicalclinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1-1-1024x630.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/hemedicalclinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1-1-768x472.jpg 768w, https:\/\/hemedicalclinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1-1-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/hemedicalclinic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/hemedicalclinic.com\/ms\/blog\/rawatan-herpes-kelamin-di-malaysia\/\">\n\t\t\t\tBagaimana Herpes Kelamin Biasanya Dirawat di 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elementor-element elementor-element-5d5c86d2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d5c86d2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7fef3557\" data-id=\"7fef3557\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-749ba4db elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"749ba4db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Temujanji Sekarang<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e531a34 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"e531a34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/hemedicalclinic.com\/ms\/location\/kuala-lumpur\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-map-marker-alt\" viewbox=\"0 0 384 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M172.268 501.67C26.97 291.031 0 269.413 0 192 0 85.961 85.961 0 192 0s192 85.961 192 192c0 77.413-26.97 99.031-172.268 309.67-9.535 13.774-29.93 13.773-39.464 0zM192 272c44.183 0 80-35.817 80-80s-35.817-80-80-80-80 35.817-80 80 35.817 80 80 80z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">The ICON<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/hemedicalclinic.com\/ms\/location\/mont-kiara-kuala-lumpur\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-map-marker-alt\" viewbox=\"0 0 384 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M172.268 501.67C26.97 291.031 0 269.413 0 192 0 85.961 85.961 0 192 0s192 85.961 192 192c0 77.413-26.97 99.031-172.268 309.67-9.535 13.774-29.93 13.773-39.464 0zM192 272c44.183 0 80-35.817 80-80s-35.817-80-80-80-80 35.817-80 80 35.817 80 80 80z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Mont Kiara<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/hemedicalclinic.com\/ms\/location\/george-town-penang\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-map-marker-alt\" viewbox=\"0 0 384 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M172.268 501.67C26.97 291.031 0 269.413 0 192 0 85.961 85.961 0 192 0s192 85.961 192 192c0 77.413-26.97 99.031-172.268 309.67-9.535 13.774-29.93 13.773-39.464 0zM192 272c44.183 0 80-35.817 80-80s-35.817-80-80-80-80 35.817-80 80 35.817 80 80 80z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Penang<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/hemedicalclinic.com\/ms\/location\/johor-bahru-johor\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-map-marker-alt\" viewbox=\"0 0 384 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M172.268 501.67C26.97 291.031 0 269.413 0 192 0 85.961 85.961 0 192 0s192 85.961 192 192c0 77.413-26.97 99.031-172.268 309.67-9.535 13.774-29.93 13.773-39.464 0zM192 272c44.183 0 80-35.817 80-80s-35.817-80-80-80-80 35.817-80 80 35.817 80 80 80z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Johor<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element 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